The Emirates of Bukhara, who once ruled a large part of Central Asia with the official Persian language and played an important role in creating the history and culture of the region, has been 105 years.
Amir Alam Khan is the last ruler who took refuge in Kabul after the end of Emirates in 1920 and spent his life there. Amir Alam Khan, the seventh and last ruler of Emirates, belonged to the OUNGHIT family.
Bukhara’s official and administrative language was the Emirates Persian, and during his exile life, Amir Alam Khan wrote his memoir in the same language in the same language which was titled: ‘The sad history of Bukhara Nation.’ He is also his only writing.
Memories
However, the Emirates of Bukhara signed a security agreement with Zarist Russia during the reign of Muzaffaruddin Khan in 1868, with the abolition of Caesar Shahi and the rise of Lenin, with the rise of Bolshevij, economically weaker and surprised the Emirates of Russia.
In August 1920, in the Bolshevik attack on Bukhara’s Emirates, Amir Alam Khan withdrew after four days resistance and first fled Gajdan and then Afghanistan.
The 165 -year rule of the Mangit family was abolished by the escape of Amir Alam Khan for Afghanistan, which belonged to the Uzbek race. In October 1920, Bukhara was replaced by the People’s Republic after the end of the Emirates of Bukhara by the Soviet Red Army and local communist forces, a socialist government with full support of the Bolsheviks.
The Republic, which clearly claimed public support, was in fact, under the control of the Soviet Union, under the control of a secular and leftist government. During this period, many scholars, landlords and traditional clans were either deported or killed. Although a resistance movement called Basmachi was established to fight the government, this resistance failed and suppressed.
The Bukhara People’s Republic was dissolved in September 1924 and its region was divided into Central Asia’s newly established Soviet Republic, especially in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.
What happened in Kabul?
There is not much evidence about the life of Bukhara’s Emirates’s exiled Shah in Kabul. His diary is the only document. When Amir Alam Khan took refuge in Afghanistan, progressive king Amanullah Khan came to power a year ago and his country recently gained freedom from British domination. Amanullah Khan welcomed Amir Alam Khan and his family as Amir’s father Muzaffaruddin, first gave a political asylum to Amnullah Khan’s grandfather Abdul Rahman Khan in Bhawanti Bukhara.
Amir Alam Khan writes in his book ‘Bukhara Nations History’ that after the defeat of the Bolsheviks, he crossed the Amo River and ‘I was allowed God and settled in the capital Kabul’. He wrote that Shah Amanullah Khan welcomed him as a ruler and allocated 12,000 Afghans in a month from the state’s Treasury for his stay.
Amanullah Khan, who signed a friendship with the Bolshevik government at that time, did not allow Amir Alam Khan to participate in political activities, but Alam Khan wrote in his memoir that with the help of his people from Kabul, he led the armed resistance of Basamachi against Bolsheviks.
Amanullah Khan gave Amir Alm Khan a 25 -kilometer garden and a house in Fateh Fateh area, 13 km from the outskirts of Kabul, where he lived with his 18 daughters and 15 sons. The garden has now become ruins and is known as ‘King of Bukhara’ among the residents of Kabul.
Amir Alam Khan’s 70 -year grandson, Syed Mohammad Alam, who has been living in Saudi Arabia for almost 50 years, told the independent Persian that the garden given by Amanullah Khan to Amanullah Khan gave him to Afghan king’s brother Inatullah Khan. He said that his grandfather faced serious sanctions in Kabul to talk to his people and loyal in Bukhara in Kabul and Amanullah Khan did not allow him to leave Kabul at the behest of the Soviet government.
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The world said that Amir Alam Khan gave a piece of paper to Amanullah Khan twice during Eid prayer, in which he wrote: ‘If you allow me, I would like to go on Haj’ but Amanullah Khan replied both times: ‘If Allah wants, we will go with next year.’ The world said that Amanullah’s promise was never fulfilled, because he knew that if Amir Khan leaves Kabul, the British could use him to start rebellion in Bukhara.
He said that after ending the rule of Amanullah Khan and Habibullah Kalakani came to power, Amir Alam Khan was well, ‘because Kalakani honored Amir Alam Khan. Between 1928 and 1929, Kalkani, who ruled Afghanistan for about ten months, donated 50 acres of land to Amir Alam Khan in Kala Murad Beck area near Kabul.
Syed Muhammad Alam said that during the era of Nadir Shah (1929–1933), the restrictions on Amir Alam Khan increased and when Zaheer Shah came under power (1933–1973), his uncle and powerful Prime Minister Hashim Khan seized 50 acres of land given to Amir Alam Khan, which is with the Afghan Ministry.
Amir Alam Khan died in 1944 in a house in Murad Khani area of Kabul, which he gifted by the then King Mohammad Zaheer Shah of Afghanistan. Syed Mohammad Alam says that he remembers that at the behest of the King of Afghanistan on the day of the death of Amir Alm Khan, about 3,000 soldiers were standing on the streets of Kabul, and Afghan flag tunnels were in government institutions.
Aamir Alam Khan was buried in ‘Shehda Salehin’ cemetery in Kabul.
However, the legacy of the Mangit family and the personality of Aamir Alam Khan is still safe in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. The city has focused the focus of the Central Asian tourists, whose historic fort, the school of Amir Alam Khan, many kings of the Manga family, their remains, their relics, Bukhara’s grave have become the identity.
Amir Alam Khan’s children and grandchildren
After the death of Aamir Alam Khan, his children and grandchildren spread to Kabul and Helmand. The then king of Afghanistan, Muhammad Zaheer, donated 30 acres of land in the Helmand Valley under the ‘mischievous’ scheme of the families and relatives of Amir Alam Khan to build a house and live there.
Syed Mohammad Alam said that after returning the land to the government due to Helmand’s situation, his family returned to Kabul.
Syed Mohammad Alam said that 18 sons and 15 daughters of Amir Alam Khan are now alive, all are living outside Afghanistan, Germany and Netherlands.
Thanks Rad is one of the daughters of Rad Amir Alam Khan, known as the first Aniot on radio and television in Afghanistan. In the 1990s, the children and grandchildren of Amir Alam Khan left the country during the Afghan Civil War.
Thanks to the Rad Scholar, who worked for the Voice of America for some time, now lives in the United States.
Syed Mohammad Alam said that the children of Amir Alam Khan, who are currently spread to Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, United States and European countries, can be around a thousand, but none of them are ready to live in their original Bukhara (current Uzbekistan).
This post has been first published on independent Persian.
